Obesity is one of the most pressing global health crises of the 21st century. A recent study published in The Lancet (available here) reveals that current interventions have fallen short of curbing the rising rates of obesity and overweight, with alarming projections for 2050. This article explores the advances needed to address this epidemic, Brazil’s position in the global context, and how Brazilian startups can contribute innovative solutions.
The Epidemic by the Numbers: Global and Brazilian Context
The study highlights that in the U.S., nearly 250 million people could be overweight by 2050—representing almost two-thirds of the adult population. Projections suggest that in states like Mississippi and Kentucky, up to 50% of teenagers and 70% of adults will be obese. These figures reflect a crisis with direct implications for public health and economic costs: in 2016 alone, the U.S. spent between $261 and $481 billion on medical expenses related to obesity.
In Brazil, while the data is less detailed, trends are similar. National studies indicate a steady rise in obesity rates, especially among children and adolescents. This group is particularly concerning, as childhood obesity often persists into adulthood, contributing to chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Structural factors such as regional inequalities, limited access to healthy foods, and urban environments that discourage physical activity exacerbate the problem in Brazil. Addressing these challenges requires integrated strategies tailored to the specific needs of each region and population group.
Necessary Innovations: Beyond Treatments
Among the most promising advances in combating obesity are GLP-1 receptor agonist-based medications, such as Mounjaro, Ozempic, and Wegovy. These drugs have revolutionized obesity treatment by promoting significant weight loss and helping manage related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. While their positive impact is undeniable, high costs and limited access still restrict their widespread adoption, particularly in emerging markets.
Caption: Estimated obesity prevalence in the United States in 2021, by age group and sex. The data indicate a higher prevalence of obesity among females in almost all age groups, with peaks between 50–54 years for females and 45–49 years for males. The shaded areas represent 95% uncertainty intervals.
Moreover, the effectiveness of these medications varies among individuals, highlighting the need for personalized approaches. Despite their crucial role in managing obesity, The Lancet study emphasizes that clinical interventions alone will not solve the crisis. The epidemic is driven by complex factors—such as inadequate food systems, urbanization, and economic inequalities—that require structural changes and robust public policies.
In Brazil, the use of natural assets from the country’s biodiversity offers fertile ground for therapeutic innovations. Research combining biotechnology and natural ingredients can complement GLP-1 advancements, providing accessible and effective alternatives for the Brazilian population.
Brazilian Startups: A Central Role in Innovation
Brazil’s health innovation ecosystem is on the rise, offering unique opportunities for startups to play a transformative role in the fight against obesity. Areas such as digital health, personalized nutrition, and applied biotechnology have drawn the attention of investors and acceleration programs, highlighting the potential of local companies.
Startups can contribute on several fronts:
Prevention and Health Education: Digital platforms that promote healthy eating habits and encourage physical activity can reach large segments of the population, especially in remote areas.
Personalized Nutrition: Apps leveraging artificial intelligence to create dietary plans tailored to an individual’s genetic profile and health conditions.
Research and Development (R&D): Companies focused on new therapies, including the use of Brazilian natural assets, can help diversify the available obesity treatments.
However, Brazilian startups face significant challenges, such as limited access to funding and regulatory hurdles. Programs like Embrapii, Fiocruz, Biominas, and initiatives from major pharmaceutical companies can play a vital role in supporting these companies, helping them overcome barriers and scale their innovations.
The Role of IBIS: Connecting and Transforming
In this context, the Instituto Brasileiro de Inovação em Saúde - IBIS (Brazilian Health Innovation Institute) emerges as a catalyst for developing integrated and scalable solutions. By fostering collaborations between startups, research institutions, and governments, IBIS aims to connect healthcare demands with innovative, sustainable solutions.
The Institute plays a strategic role by:
Facilitating international partnerships to access cutting-edge technologies.
Promoting capacity-building programs for health entrepreneurs.
Connecting startups to networks of investors and innovation hubs in Brazil and abroad.
By integrating efforts across sectors, IBIS seeks to accelerate the development of technologies and policies that can positively impact public health.
Brazil: A Potential Leader in the Global Scenario
With its unique biodiversity and expanding innovation ecosystem, Brazil has the potential to lead the search for obesity solutions. However, this leadership will depend on a collective commitment among government, private sector, and civil society to turn ideas into actionable outcomes.
Additionally, Brazil should leverage its position to stand out in international forums and attract strategic investments. Participation in global events such as the BIO International Convention is an opportunity to showcase the country’s potential to generate impactful technologies on a global scale.
Curbing the obesity epidemic requires much more than isolated interventions. It demands a broad, coordinated mobilization that combines clinical advances, structural changes, and preventive actions. Brazil, with its cultural diversity and capacity for innovation, is well-positioned to lead this movement, but this requires a continuous commitment to effective public policies and collaborative innovation.
May this study inspire a new generation of entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers to unite efforts for a healthier, more sustainable future.
by Marcio de Paula
Brazilian Health Innovation Institute - IBIS
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